Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is sometimes called the “invisible wound” because it affects the mind and body in ways that aren’t always visible to others. Unlike a physical injury, PTSD can linger long after a traumatic event, influencing daily life, relationships, and even long-term health. Some people mistakenly believe PTSD only affects soldiers or first responders, but anyone exposed to trauma — including accidents, natural disasters, or abuse — can develop PTSD.
Living with PTSD can feel isolating. Some people struggle with memory loss, flashbacks, or overwhelming emotions, yet outwardly they may appear “fine.” Understanding PTSD, recognizing its symptoms, and seeking support can make a significant difference in managing its impact and reclaiming a sense of safety and control.
What is PTSD?
PTSD is a severe mental health condition that can develop after a person experiences, witnesses, or hears about a traumatic event. These events may include:
- Physical or sexual assault
- Child abuse or neglect
- Car accidents, train wrecks, or plane crashes
- Natural disasters such as floods or earthquakes
- Combat or military-related trauma
People with PTSD may relive the traumatic event through flashbacks or nightmares, avoid reminders of the event, or experience heightened anxiety and emotional numbness. PTSD was previously classified as an anxiety disorder, but it is now classified as a Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorder. Its effects can persist for years, sometimes even decades. In some cases, untreated PTSD can contribute to life expectancy concerns due to chronic stress and associated health complications.
Who is at a higher risk of developing PTSD?
Some individuals may be more likely to develop PTSD after trauma, including:
- Women: Research indicates that the prevalence of PTSD among women is 8% and among men it is 4%.
- Individuals with repeated trauma: People exposed to multiple traumatic events, including complex trauma, are at a higher risk.
- First responders and soldiers: Research has indicated that repeated exposure to life-threatening events among military personnel and first responders can increase vulnerability.
Symptoms of PTSD
PTSD can manifest in a variety of ways, which may differ from person to person. Common symptoms include:
- Nightmares or insomnia
- Flashbacks or intrusive memories
- Strong negative reactions to triggers such as smells, sounds, or anniversaries of events
- Difficulty concentrating
- Avoidance of places, people, crowds, or activities that serve as reminders of trauma
- Emotional numbness or difficulty forming relationships
- Repressed trauma or blocked memories of the traumatic event
- Hypervigilance or feeling “on edge” constantly
- Physical symptoms, as trauma stored in the body, may affect overall health
Symptoms may appear soon after the traumatic event, or in some cases, they may emerge months or years later. Untreated PTSD symptoms can fluctuate over time, sometimes reappearing decades after the original event, as has been documented in veterans from World War II and other conflicts.
What is the invisible wound of PTSD?
The “invisible wound” of PTSD refers to the hidden psychological and physiological effects that trauma can leave behind. Unlike visible injuries, these wounds can alter the brain, body, and behavior in subtle but significant ways. Trauma can be stored in the body, influencing muscle tension, heart rate, and stress responses long after the traumatic event has passed.
People may also experience memory loss or have difficulty recalling parts of their trauma. Trauma can affect relationships, emotional regulation, and even decision-making. This can make daily functioning harder. Understanding these invisible effects can be an important step in addressing trauma holistically.
Therapy for trauma and PTSD
Therapy can help individuals process trauma, reduce symptoms, and rebuild a sense of safety. Common therapeutic approaches include:
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): CBT helps identify and reframe negative thought patterns related to trauma.
- Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR): EMDR aids in processing traumatic memories.
Therapy provides a safe space to address trauma, manage symptoms, and work toward long-term healing. For some, treatment may involve managing co-occurring conditions, which can benefit from a tailored, multi-modal approach.
Takeaway
PTSD is a serious and sometimes misunderstood condition. It can be an invisible wound that can linger long after trauma occurs. Recognizing the symptoms, understanding who may be at a higher risk, and seeking professional support are important steps in managing PTSD. Therapy can help individuals process trauma, address repressed memories, and reclaim control.
If you or a loved one is struggling with PTSD, know that help is available. Visit findmytherapist.com to find a therapist near you and schedule your first appointment directly online.